Jumat, 03 Agustus 2012

ELLYPTICAL CONSTRUCTION




ELLYPTICAL CONSTRUCTION
Penggabungan :  juga, begitu juga
1.            Penggabungan hal positif (+) and : so .............. S
                                                                          S  .............. too
2.            Penggabungan hal negatif (-) and :  S  .............. not either
                                                                           neither ...... S
(Ctt. : neither asalnya dari not either)
(Ctt. : titik diisi dengan cara melihat predikat)
3.            Kel (+) but, while, whereas (-)


Examples:

Ani is a nurse
I am a nurse
Answer:
Ani is a nurse and so am I
I am a nurse and Ani is too

She doesn’t study
You don’t study
Answer:
She doesn’t study and you don’t either
You don’t study and neither does she

She works hard
I don’t work hard
Answer:
She works hard but I don’t
I don’t work hard but she does

TAG QUESTION


TAG QUESTION
Pertanyaan Tumpang, letaknya selalu di belakang
Tujuan: untuk meminta kepastian atau kejelasan dari orang lain

Syarat:
1.      Jika pernyataan (+), Tag (-)?
2.      Jika pernyataan (-), Tag (+)?
3.      Subjek dalam Tag dalam bentuk kata ganti (pronoun)
4.      Tag (-) selalu dalam bentuk negatif
5.      Penentu Tag – lihat predikat
Jika pernyataan negatif, tag dilihat yang ditempeli oleh not

Macam-macam predikat yang negatif (-):
(disingkat HARNONESSER)
HARdly = sukar
NO_: noting, no one, etc.
NEver
Scarcely = hampir tidak
SEldom
Rarely = jarang
Barely = dengan kosong, tiada

Examples:
1.            Ani is a nurse, isn’t she?
2.            Tono and Toni study hard, don’t they?
3.            They will go to Bali, won’t they?
4.            Toni has bought a car, hasn’t he?
5.            Tini is sweeping the floor, isn’t she?
6.            Tono didn’t study hard, did he?
7.            I am not a student, am I?
8.            I am a teacher, am I not? (atau aren’t I)
9.            You have much money, don’t you?
10.       Toni and I never eat bakso, do we?
11.       You and your mother went to Jember, didn’t you? (you = kalian)
12.       They will have been writing letters for 5 hours, won’t they?
13.       She hardly works hard, does she?

Perkecualian:
I am very early this morning, aren’t I? Atau
I am very early this morning, am I not?
tetapi
I am not very late, am I?

Kamis, 02 Agustus 2012

PERSAMAAN NEED


MATERI NEED
(disingkat WARN)
WAnt        >>> - tobe + V3
                          - Ving
Require     >>> - tobe + V3
                                       - Ving
Need         >>> - tobe + V3
                                       - Ving

Example:
This room needs to be painted
= This room needs painting

(disingkat WATO)
Want   >>> + to V1
Ask     >>> + to V1
Tell     >>> + to V1
Order  >>> + to V1

PASSIVE FORM



PASSIVE FORM
Kalimat passive hanya mengikuti kalimat active.
Kenali kata kerja intinya.
Passive: Be + V3 >>>>> by
ACTIVE
PASSIVE
Will + V1
Will + be + V3
V1
Tobe1 + V3
V2
Tobe2 + V3
Tobe + Ving
Tobe + being + V3
Have
Has     + V3
--
Had
Have
Has     + been + V3
--
Had
Examples:

1.         Ali is washing the car
 The car is being washed by Ali
2.         Ali washes the car
 The car is washed by Ali
3.             I have eaten Bakso
 Bakso has been eaten by me
4.         I have been eating Bakso
 Bakso has been being eaten by me
5.         I will eat Bakso
 Bakso will be eaten by me
6.            I will have been eating Bakso
 Bakso will have been being eaten by me
7.         She has been buying noodle
 Noodle has been being bought by her
8.       My brother has broken my flower vase
 My flower vase has been broken by my brother
9.         Andre is buying book
 Book is being bought by Andre
10.     I will wash plate
          Plate will be washed by me

PASSIVE FORM

Kalimat passive hanya mengikuti kalimat active.
Kenali kata kerja intinya.
Passive: Be + V3 >>>>> by
ACTIVE
PASSIVE
Will + V1
Will + be + V3
V1
Tobe1 + V3
V2
Tobe2 + V3
Tobe + Ving
Tobe + being + V3
Have
Has     + V3
--
Had
Have
Has     + been + V3
--
Had
Examples:
1.              Ali is washing the car
The car is being washed by Ali
2.            Ali washes the car
The car is washed by Ali
3.            I have eaten Bakso
Bakso has been eaten by me
4.           I have been eating Bakso
Bakso has been being eaten by me
5.            I will eat Bakso
Bakso will be eaten by me
6.           I will have been eating Bakso
Bakso will have been being eaten by me
7.            She has been buying noodle
Noodle has been being bought by her
8.          My brother has broken my flower vase
My flower vase has been broken by my brother
9.           Andre is buying book
Book is being bought by Andre
10.        I will wash plate
Plate will be washed by me