ELLYPTICAL CONSTRUCTION

ELLYPTICAL CONSTRUCTION

Penggabungan :  juga, begitu juga

1.            Penggabungan hal positif (+) and : so .............. S

                                                                          S  .............. too

2.            Penggabungan hal negatif (-) and :  S  .............. not either

                                                                           neither ...... S

(Ctt. : neither asalnya dari not either)

(Ctt. : titik diisi dengan cara melihat predikat)

3.            Kel (+) but, while, whereas (-)

Examples:

Ani is a nurse

I am a nurse

Answer:

Ani is a nurse and so am I

I am a nurse and Ani is too

She doesn’t study

You don’t study

Answer:

She doesn’t study and you don’t either

You don’t study and neither does she

She works hard

I don’t work hard

Answer:

She works hard but I don’t

I don’t work hard but she does

TAG QUESTION

TAG QUESTION

Pertanyaan Tumpang, letaknya selalu di belakang

Tujuan: untuk meminta kepastian atau kejelasan dari orang lain

Syarat:

1.      Jika pernyataan (+), Tag (-)?

2.      Jika pernyataan (-), Tag (+)?

3.      Subjek dalam Tag dalam bentuk kata ganti (pronoun)

4.      Tag (-) selalu dalam bentuk negatif

5.      Penentu Tag – lihat predikat

Jika pernyataan negatif, tag dilihat yang ditempeli oleh not

Macam-macam predikat yang negatif (-):

(disingkat HARNONESSER)

HARdly = sukar

NO_: noting, no one, etc.

NEver

Scarcely = hampir tidak

SEldom

Rarely = jarang

Barely = dengan kosong, tiada

Examples:

1.            Ani is a nurse, isn’t she?

2.            Tono and Toni study hard, don’t they?

3.            They will go to Bali, won’t they?

4.            Toni has bought a car, hasn’t he?

5.            Tini is sweeping the floor, isn’t she?

6.            Tono didn’t study hard, did he?

7.            I am not a student, am I?

8.            I am a teacher, am I not? (atau aren’t I)

9.            You have much money, don’t you?

10.       Toni and I never eat bakso, do we?

11.       You and your mother went to Jember, didn’t you? (you = kalian)

12.       They will have been writing letters for 5 hours, won’t they?

13.       She hardly works hard, does she?

Perkecualian:

I am very early this morning, aren’t I? Atau

I am very early this morning, am I not?

tetapi

I am not very late, am I?

PERSAMAAN NEED

MATERI NEED

(disingkat WARN)

WAnt        >>> - tobe + V₃

                          - V_ing

Require     >>> - tobe + V₃

                                       _- V_ing

Need         >>> - tobe + V₃

                                       _- V_ing

Example:

This room needs to be painted

= This room needs painting

(disingkat WATO)

Want   >>> + to V₁

Ask     >>> + to V₁

Tell     >>> + to V₁

Order  >>> + to V₁

PASSIVE FORM

PASSIVE FORM

Kalimat passive hanya mengikuti kalimat active.

Kenali kata kerja intinya.

Passive: Be + V₃ >>>>> by

ACTIVE	PASSIVE
Will + V1	Will + be + V3
V1	Tobe1 + V3
V2	Tobe2 + V3
Tobe + Ving	Tobe + being + V3
Have Has     + V3 -- Had	Have Has     + been + V3 -- Had

Examples:

1.         Ali is washing the car

 The car is being washed by Ali

2.         Ali washes the car

 The car is washed by Ali

3.             I have eaten Bakso

 Bakso has been eaten by me

4.         I have been eating Bakso

 Bakso has been being eaten by me

5.         I will eat Bakso

 Bakso will be eaten by me

6.            I will have been eating Bakso

 Bakso will have been being eaten by me

7.         She has been buying noodle

 Noodle has been being bought by her

8.       My brother has broken my flower vase

 My flower vase has been broken by my brother

9.         Andre is buying book

 Book is being bought by Andre

10.     I will wash plate

          Plate will be washed by me

PASSIVE FORM

Kalimat passive hanya mengikuti kalimat active.

Kenali kata kerja intinya.

Passive: Be + V₃ >>>>> by

ACTIVE	PASSIVE
Will + V1	Will + be + V3
V1	Tobe1 + V3
V2	Tobe2 + V3
Tobe + Ving	Tobe + being + V3
Have Has     + V3 -- Had	Have Has     + been + V3 -- Had

Examples:

1.              Ali is washing the car

The car is being washed by Ali

2.            Ali washes the car

The car is washed by Ali

3.            I have eaten Bakso

Bakso has been eaten by me

4.           I have been eating Bakso

Bakso has been being eaten by me

5.            I will eat Bakso

Bakso will be eaten by me

6.           I will have been eating Bakso

Bakso will have been being eaten by me

7.            She has been buying noodle

Noodle has been being bought by her

8.          My brother has broken my flower vase

My flower vase has been broken by my brother

9.           Andre is buying book

Book is being bought by Andre

10.        I will wash plate

Plate will be washed by me